{"id":1108,"date":"2026-11-11T12:00:00","date_gmt":"2026-11-11T11:00:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/slovnicek-pojmu\/"},"modified":"2026-11-11T12:00:00","modified_gmt":"2026-11-11T11:00:00","slug":"slovnicek-pojmu","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/slovnicek-pojmu\/","title":{"rendered":"Slovn\u00ed\u010dek pojm\u016f"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Star\u00e9 matriky a s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slova, kter\u00e1 dnes u\u017e nejsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e1. Tady jsou vysv\u011btlen\u00e1 ta, kter\u00e1 se v knize objevuj\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji.<\/p>\n<h3>Kdo byl kdo ve vsi<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Pojem<\/th>\n<th>Co znamen\u00e1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>sedl\u00e1k, l\u00e1n\u00edk<\/td>\n<td>majitel velk\u00e9ho statku s polnostmi. M\u00edrou byl l\u00e1n, na Morav\u011b zhruba 15\u201320 hektar\u016f, v\u00fdm\u011bra se li\u0161ila podle kraje<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>polol\u00e1n\u00edk, p\u016flln\u00edk<\/td>\n<td>sedl\u00e1k s polovinou l\u00e1nu. V B\u011blov\u011b to byla v\u011bt\u0161ina statk\u016f na n\u00e1vsi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u010dtvrtl\u00e1n\u00edk, \u010dtvrtn\u00edk<\/td>\n<td>men\u0161\u00ed sedl\u00e1k se \u010dtvrtinou l\u00e1nu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>podsedn\u00edk<\/td>\n<td>majitel men\u0161\u00ed usedlosti s n\u011bkolika poli, mezi sedl\u00e1kem a domk\u00e1\u0159em<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>zahradn\u00edk<\/td>\n<td>majitel domku se zahradou a mal\u00fdm kouskem pole, podobn\u011b jako podsedn\u00edk<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>domk\u00e1\u0159, chalupn\u00edk<\/td>\n<td>majitel domku s minimem p\u016fdy. \u017divil se \u0159emeslem nebo prac\u00ed u sedl\u00e1k\u016f a na panstv\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>podruh, podruhyn\u011b<\/td>\n<td>\u010dlov\u011bk bez vlastn\u00edho domu. Bydlel v n\u00e1jmu u jin\u00e9ho, \u010dasto v jedn\u00e9 m\u00edstnosti, a pracoval za mzdu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>v\u00fdm\u011bnk\u00e1\u0159, v\u00fdm\u011bnek<\/td>\n<td>star\u00fd hospod\u00e1\u0159, kter\u00fd p\u0159edal statek d\u011btem. Ve smlouv\u011b si vym\u00ednil bydlen\u00ed, j\u00eddlo a d\u0159evo do konce \u017eivota<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u010deled\u00edn, pacholek, d\u011bve\u010dka, slu\u017eebn\u00e1<\/td>\n<td>\u010dele\u010f, kter\u00e1 slou\u017eila na statku za stravu, byt a malou mzdu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>n\u00e1den\u00edk, n\u00e1denice<\/td>\n<td>d\u011bln\u00edk placen\u00fd od dne<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>obecn\u00ed pas\u00fd\u0159, past\u00fd\u0159<\/td>\n<td>pastevec, kter\u00e9ho platila obec. Bydlel v obecn\u00edm domku<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>obecn\u00ed kov\u00e1\u0159<\/td>\n<td>kov\u00e1\u0159 v kov\u00e1rn\u011b, kter\u00e1 pat\u0159ila obci (v B\u011blov\u011b \u010dp. <a href=\"\/domy\/cp-9\/\">9<\/a>)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>rycht\u00e1\u0159, kon\u0161el<\/td>\n<td>p\u0159edstaven\u00fd obce a jeho rad\u00ed do roku 1850. Pak je nahradil starosta a obecn\u00ed v\u00fdbor<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>panstv\u00ed, vrchnost<\/td>\n<td>\u0161lechtick\u00e9 panstv\u00ed Kvasice, kter\u00e9mu B\u011blov pat\u0159il. Do roku 1848 mu poddan\u00ed odv\u00e1d\u011bli robotu a d\u00e1vky<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>Matriky a \u00fa\u0159ady<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Pojem<\/th>\n<th>Co znamen\u00e1<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>matrika<\/td>\n<td>farn\u00ed kniha narozen\u00fdch (k\u0159t\u016f), oddan\u00fdch a zem\u0159el\u00fdch. B\u011blov pat\u0159il do farnosti Kvasice<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u010dp.<\/td>\n<td>\u010d\u00edslo popisn\u00e9 domu. Domy se v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b \u010d\u00edslovaly od roku 1770<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>kmotr, kmotra<\/td>\n<td>sv\u011bdek p\u0159i k\u0159tu. B\u00fdvali to soused\u00e9 nebo p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00ed, \u010dasto stejn\u00ed pro v\u0161echny d\u011bti rodiny<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>far\u00e1\u0159, kooper\u00e1tor<\/td>\n<td>far\u00e1\u0159 vedl farnost, kooper\u00e1tor byl jeho pomocn\u00fd kn\u011bz<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>neman\u017eelsk\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b, legitimace<\/td>\n<td>d\u00edt\u011b svobodn\u00e9 matky. Kdy\u017e se rodi\u010de pozd\u011bji vzali, d\u00edt\u011b se \u201elegitimovalo\u201c a z\u00edskalo otcovo jm\u00e9no<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>dispens<\/td>\n<td>c\u00edrkevn\u00ed povolen\u00ed s\u0148atku, nap\u0159\u00edklad mezi p\u0159\u00edbuzn\u00fdmi<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>prohl\u00e1\u0161en zletil\u00fdm, svolen\u00ed opatrovnick\u00e9ho soudu<\/td>\n<td>zletilost byla do roku 1919 a\u017e ve 24 letech. Mlad\u0161\u00ed snoubenci pot\u0159ebovali souhlas otce nebo soudu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>indika\u010dn\u00ed skica, stabiln\u00ed katastr<\/td>\n<td>podrobn\u00e1 mapa obce z roku 1829 se jm\u00e9ny majitel\u016f v\u0161ech dom\u016f a pol\u00ed<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>parcela<\/td>\n<td>o\u010d\u00edslovan\u00fd pozemek nebo stavba na katastr\u00e1ln\u00ed map\u011b<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>s\u010d\u00edtac\u00ed oper\u00e1t<\/td>\n<td>formul\u00e1\u0159 ze s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed lidu (1880, 1890, 1900, 1910, 1921) se v\u0161emi obyvateli domu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n<h3>P\u0159\u00ed\u010diny smrti v matrik\u00e1ch<\/h3>\n<div class=\"tablewrap\">\n<table>\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th>Star\u00fd n\u00e1zev<\/th>\n<th>Co se t\u00edm nejsp\u00ed\u0161 myslelo<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td>psotn\u00edk<\/td>\n<td>k\u0159e\u010de u kojenc\u016f, \u010dasto z infekce nebo tetanu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>\u00fabyt\u011b, souchotiny<\/td>\n<td>dlouh\u00e9 ch\u0159adnut\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bji tuberkul\u00f3za plic<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>vodnatelnost<\/td>\n<td>otoky z nemocn\u00e9ho srdce, ledvin nebo jater<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>sn\u011b\u0165<\/td>\n<td>odum\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed tk\u00e1n\u00ed (gangr\u00e9na)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>nervov\u00e1 hore\u010dka<\/td>\n<td>hore\u010dn\u00e9 onemocn\u011bn\u00ed, \u010dasto b\u0159i\u0161n\u00ed tyfus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>hore\u010dka omladnic<\/td>\n<td>infekce matky po porodu<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td>stare\u010dsk\u00e1 se\u0161lost<\/td>\n<td>smrt st\u00e1\u0159\u00edm bez zjevn\u00e9 nemoci<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Star\u00e9 matriky a s\u010d\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed slova, kter\u00e1 dnes u\u017e nejsou b\u011b\u017en\u00e1. Tady jsou vysv\u011btlen\u00e1 ta, kter\u00e1 se v knize objevuj\u00ed nej\u010dast\u011bji. Kdo byl kdo ve vsi Pojem Co znamen\u00e1 sedl\u00e1k, l\u00e1n\u00edk majitel velk\u00e9ho statku s polnostmi. M\u00edrou byl l\u00e1n, na Morav\u011b zhruba 15\u201320 hektar\u016f, v\u00fdm\u011bra se li\u0161ila podle kraje polol\u00e1n\u00edk, p\u016flln\u00edk sedl\u00e1k s polovinou l\u00e1nu. [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":109,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-1108","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1108"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/1108\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/belov.cz\/domy\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1108"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}